ATA的远程口译位置
Remote interpreting is used in place of on-site interpreting whenever qualified interpreters in the languages needed are unavailable or when meeting in person is not an option. 远程口译带来了独特的挑战. 现场口译员不仅依靠口语和语气, 还可以通过说话人的肢体语言和面部表情来处理意思. 然而，当进行远程口译时，许多非语言线索就不存在了. 这, 再加上缺乏背景和背景信息, 对译员的工作产生负面影响.
虽然远程口译在20世纪70年代就已经存在了, due to the increasingly wide range of technologies used for its delivery and the broadly varying settings where it is employed (conference, 医疗保健, 法律, 教育, 等.)，到目前为止，还没有建立标准化的、全行业的最佳实践. The purpose of this paper is to identify differences between on-site and remote interpreting and offer a set of best practices for effective remote interpreting.
远程口译的类型
The following are terms commonly accepted in the United States for the different modalities in which remote interpreting services are provided.
- 远程同声传译 uses platforms with two or more audio-visual channels specifically designed for simultaneous interpreting in spoken languages.
- 视频远程口译(VRI) uses a single audio-visual channel that restricts spoken language interpreting to consecutive and sight translation modes. 对于手语，VRI确实允许同声传译.
- 解释(e自成一派.g.，电话口译或OPI) 使用单一的音频通道，将口译限制为连续模式. An exception is the Telephone 解释 Program (TIP) used in federal district and magistrate 法院.
- “临时”远程口译解决方案 are currently being used when the audio-visual platform does not offer a separate channel for simultaneous interpreting. 口译员 have to juggle a combination of technologies and/or devices while performing the already highly taxing cognitive task of interpreting.
远程口译的挑战
口译员, 无论是现场还是远程, always carry a high cognitive load (the amount of information an individual retains in their short-term memory). The following limitations further increase the interpreter’s cognitive load and the stimuli the interpreter must process, 从而降低了他们的工作质量:
- The inability to change their vantage point or improve the quality of the video or audio transmission.
- 完全依赖于所采用的技术质量.
- The limited or total inaccessibility to crucial non-verbal cues such as facial expressions and body language, 是什么阻碍了译员对源信息的理解.
- The fact that remote meetings are viewed on two-dimensional screens interferes with the brain’s visual attention system and forces the interpreter to work harder to maintain concentration and re-create additional missing dimensions.
- 音质差(e.g., 卷和清晰), 尤其是在同时工作的时候, 因为口译员必须在自己之上听到和理解说话者的声音.
- 持续调整的变化，在音频水平和环境噪音.
- The demands made on interpreters to perform technical troubleshooting or to juggle multiple communication devices while providing interpreting services.
- The absence of a booth (either physical or virtual) that allows interpreters to hear and perform essential support duties for each other forces them to use additional platforms or devices to share terminology and manage turn-taking.
- 需要使用聊天功能作为额外的内容来源
对译员的注意力和口译能力提出了额外的要求
消息准确. - 口译员必须一直对着镜头，这一要求导致了疲劳, 因为口译员可能会觉得必须长时间保持同样的姿势.
远程口译最佳实践
为了应对上述挑战, the following best practices should be adopted to ensure the quality of interpreting services:
使用适当的技术
- 口译员和演讲者应登录同一平台. They must use high-quality, wired headphones and noise-cancelling unidirectional microphones.
- 口译员’ internet connections and computers should meet the specifications of the platform to be used.
- 因为耳机会增加声震的风险, 耳机应该包括保护，最大音量限制在85分贝(分贝).
- 口译员和所有积极的参与者应该有一个高速, 至少60mbps(兆比特/秒)的宽带互联网连接, 通过以太网电缆连接的计算机, 确保连接:
- 清晰可闻;
- 提供高质量的视频;
- 在交流中是否没有延迟、起伏、模糊或颗粒状的图像和不规则的停顿.
将纯音频口译限制在较短的时间内
因为非语言线索不存在, 这种方式不适用于冗长的会议或复杂的沟通.
确保技术支持
The person or group responsible for providing technical support before and during the event (and their specific duties) should be agreed upon ahead of time. 这个人不应该是翻译.
提供培训和排练
会议前(e.g., 好几天, 一个星期), interpreters and all key participants must be trained in the use of the specific remote interpreting technology. 进行一次排练，以验证所有系统都在工作，这是至关重要的.
尽可能提前提供事件细节
在事件发生之前，必须告诉解释器事件的类型(e.g.、会议、庭审、医疗咨询等.)发生, 这个话题, 口译模式要求, 参与者的名称和角色, 以及将要使用的平台.
提供文件和资料
和现场作业一样, interpreters must be provided access to all documentation and relevant materials prior to the event in order to prepare. 口译员 should also receive all materials distributed and presentations made during the actual event.
在会前发布信息
在会议之前, 主人应该通知所有的参与者, 在所有的语言, 关于如何访问解释频道. Introductory comments should include a reminder that speakers must not talk over each other so that everyone’s message can be heard and interpreted.
确保清晰地看到演讲者
摄像机应始终聚焦在演讲者和任何投影的演示文稿上.
对于手语翻译，要确保译员的视野清晰
Sign language interpreters must be visible throughout the virtual meeting and their video tiles should be pinned or fixed to a specific spot on the screen.
实现团队解释
所有的同声传译任务都应该有一个至少由两名译员组成的团队, 所有持续超过一小时的连续传译作业也应如此. 持续时间超过两小时的活动, 例如会议或培训会议, 每个语言小组应增加第三名口译员.
坚持一个安静的工作环境
以支持准确的解释, 口译员和演讲者应该在安静的地方, 私人场所，没有背景噪音和干扰.
保证冗余
Since remote interpreting relies on technology and connections that are ultimately beyond the interpreters’ or participants’ control, an extra interpreter and additional devices and internet connections should be readily available in case of technological failures.
遵守远程会议礼仪
- 每个人都应该在一个安静的环境中，没有背景噪音.
- 应禁用电脑和电话通知.
- 不说话时，请将麦克风调至静音. 主持人或主持人应确保一次只打开一个麦克风.
结论
同时现场口译提供最优质的口译服务, 远程口译确实在许多情况下提供了解决方案. 它允许企业, 医院, 法院, 学校, 政府, and international organizations to provide interpreting services in situations where on-site interpreting is not an option.
We are still learning about the impact of the demands and stresses that remote interpreting has on interpreters and the quality of their services. 很明显, 然而, that following best practices is essential to delivering high- quality interpreting services. We, 永利登录网址, are confident this paper provides a clearer understanding not only of the conditions interpreters need to perform accurately, 安全, 并有效地在虚拟设置, but also of what participants can do to ensure optimal results in remotely interpreted events and interactions.